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Kamis, 25 Juni 2015

Latest modern science | Link roundup for June 2015 - Si Bejo Science

The self-declared contender for the best poster. Not just academic poster, no.


Yes, that tap at the bottom? It works.


Coverage of this poster can be found here, here, and here. Probably other places, too. Hat tip to Jeffrey Bemis.

Back to science now, with a blog post about posters for Twitter.

This week on Twitter, I came across an image that was a hybrid between a science poster and an infographic. ... The simplicity of a tweetable poster makes it easy to highlight a project�s impact or identify solutions, and by sharing them on Twitter, the reach of these posters goes far beyond that of the traditional posters you find at conferences.

A reminder from Max Roser about why you should not use pie charts:


You will know the name from your font dropdown menus on your computer, all the way at the end: Zapf. An obituary of type designer Hermann Zapf is unexpectedly rich. Hat tip to Zach Seward and Amanda Krauss.

A poster! Hat tip to figshare.

A great look at science photographer Felise Frankel.

Frankel�s goal is to capture scientifically honest photographs that, in her words, �frankly, makes you want to look at it.� Since her first image ran on the cover of Science in 1992, her images have landed on some 30 journal covers.

While posters are generally static, there�s a lot to think about in this interview about turning nanoscale bioloical processes into movies:

In promoting the biomedical animations I should avoid overstating how accurately I have depicted the reality of the molecular world. It is vastly messier, random and crowded, and it�s physical nature is unimaginably alien to our normal perception of the world around us.

The Sociobiology blog has a post describing how to organize a fab small meeting. This particular meeting emphasized talks over posters, but I include it here anyway, since I am always hopeful conference organizers are lurking here.


Kamis, 28 Mei 2015

Latest modern science | Link roundup for May 2015 - Si Bejo Science

I love this deep meditation on pixel-based art from video games. Even though it�s slightly off-topic for the blog, this is my �must read� of the month. It�s revelatory to read someone who know details of animation and art show the pros and cons of using pixels. The comparison of two takes on the Street Fighter character Chun-Li is wonderful:


When they see SFIII or KOFXIII, they don�t see the unbelievable craft that went into it, or if they do, they have to first reconcile what they see first, which is the magnified image above. They have to pay the pixel tax.

Here�s the rub, and a lesson that applies to conference posters:

Nobody owes us their time or attention. As such, when someone gives us their time, an implicit agreement is made and we are now in debt to that person. We owe it to them to deliver value for their time, and to deliver it efficiently. ... Speak in a language people can understand so that they can actually see what makes your work great without a tax.

Hat tip to Jeff Alexander.

A fairly good one sheet from Elsevier. Hat tip to Mike Taylor:


StressMarq Biosciences has a twelve point guide to making a poster. I agree with about 10 of those points. Their template is too busy, bullet points are rarely better than short paragraphs, and I don�t know why they recommend the PNG format for pictures. It�s still a pixel-based image; vector images are always better.

What can scientists learn from designers? Quite a bit:

Scientists need to remember that they are deliberately designing a product for an end-user.  This focus on an audience may seem obvious, but it is surprising how many scientists forget about their target audience.  We say �it is time to submit the paper to the journal,� or �we need to make a poster for the conference,� and we often forget that we are really creating products for people.

Jonathan Owen wants to help you decide when to use quotation marks. Hat tip to Mike Taylor.



�Once you understand the design of flags... you can understand the design of almost anything.� This nice TED talk makes a reasonably convincing case for that thesis, and there are lots of lessons for poster design, too. Hat tip to B. Haas. This gives me an excuse to show this flag, because it�s well designed, celebrating its fiftieth anniversary, and is my nation�s flag:


Compare to the flag of Milwaukee:


Far too many posters look like the Milwaukee flag.

Laura Bergalls talks about what a walk in the wood taught her about getting attention.


You may have heard that making something hard to read makes it more likely you will understand it. One fancy way of saying this is �cognitive disfluency.� Turns out... not to be the case. Hat tip to Emily Willingham , Janet Stemwedel, and Aatish Bhatia.

Mad Max: Fury Road and Captain America serve as reminders: some things are visual media. John Wick explains (original emphasis):

Watching (Mad Max: Fury Road) made me think of that meme going around with Captain America lecturing Spider-Man. It�s nearly three pages long and it�s just Cap quoting from a book. Quoting from a book.


Not only did this bore me to tears, but it also stunk like a burned out writer looking to fill page count. Now look, I�m a huge Alan Moore fan, so I�m used to verbosity in comics, but Moore understands that comics is a visual medium. This kind of exposition doesn�t belong in a visual art like comics or films. Moore gets that. So does George Miller. Everything in this movie communicates in such a powerful way that dialogue is almost unnecessary. Cap is a man of action, not a man of lecture.

Conference posters are also a visual medium.

I often use other people�s images in my posters. A new source of of high resolution public domain images can be found at the State Library Victoria. Many of these are old vintage black and white photos, which can give them a lot of visual interest. This pic of Wendy the Wombat is proof. This post is better because it has a picture of a wombat. Hat tip to my mate Ely Wallis.


Designing a new typeface is a challenge, and Japanese particularly so. Here�s a peek into a Japanese type foundry, where they are still designing each character by hand. (Original article, with images but paywalled text, is here.) Hat tip to Garr Reynolds and John Meada. http://t.co/QIiNl2N4Cm


Devony Looser on the joys of academic conferences. It includes tips:

Do not write or revise your paper or poster at the conference. I�ve seen junior and senior colleagues make this tactical error all the time. You must have your paper finished before you come to the conference... You do not earn any points with anyone by saying, �I can�t go because I have to go to my room and finish my paper.�

On the flip side, we have Christy Wampole, who is tired of conferences.

Academic conferences are a habit from the past, embraced by the administrativersity as a way to showcase knowledge and to increase productivity in the form of published conference proceedings. We have been complicit.

But... counterpoint! David Perry replies to Wampole and argues we should save conferences:

Everything I have ever published has direct origins in one or more conferences, a lineage I can trace through my CV, mapping the formal and informal ways that academic gatherings have shaped my work. And I know I�m not alone.

The book How Posters Work by Ellen Lupton is coming out soon (and you better believe I�ll be reviewing it!). Here�s an article about the exhibition the accompanies the book:

�Posters are the only genre of graphic design that is explicitly created to be stuck on a wall,� Lupton told me in an email. �Many people are more comfortable displaying posters in their own homes or work spaces than they are with more formal or serious works of art. Posters are part of everyday life, so they feel approachable and real.�

Here are 27 jokes for graphic designers. Hat tip to Garr Reynolds.

An even better joke for graphic designers is the #DrunkTufte hashtag on Twitter.

In last month�s link roundup, I pointed to an article about the perils of bar graphs. This month, I�m pointing to a round-up of the reaction to it.

Quote of the month from Lindsay Waldrop:

That thing where you said you�d do a poster and then completely forget about it until the day before you leave. o.O

Kamis, 30 April 2015

Latest modern science | Link roundup for April 2015 - Si Bejo Science

While this blog is mainly about poster sessions, poster sessions happen in the larger context of academic conferences. I love conferences, and part of the reason I write this blog is so that people can have good experiences at those conference sessions. Those good experiences do not include harassment. That�s why this blog post by Timoth�e Poisot is this month�s must read:

Across all ecologists we surveyed, 37% witnessed harassment, and 24% experienced it, at least once, only taking into account what happens during scientific meetings. This� wow, this is a lot. ...

1 out of 3 people is not an epi-phenomenon.

The post also shows strong support for organizers to be much more active in dealing with harassment. If you�re involved in organizing a conference, there are steps you can take to make them better and more welcoming. Take them.

I�ve often lamented that most posters are designed by amateurs. I have rarely seen a case for using professionals as compelling as this ad, which was a full page in several American newspapers:


It�s an attractive and well designed ad. Except for one thing.

The brain is backwards.

Not being able to get a brain the right way round is not the signal you want to send when you are trying to announce a �new era of discovery in brain research.� There are professionals who do medical illustration stuff for a living. Hire one. (Hat tip to Mo Costandi.)

The bar graph is a standard way of presenting data. A new PLOS Biology paper argues that it�s a bad way regardless of its ubiquity. Hat tip to Gaetan Burgio and Michael Hendricks.


Nevertheless, the humble bar chart is likely to remain a major workhorse for data presentation for a long time. Here is a short list of good tips. Hat tip to Garr Reynolds.


I Want Hue bills itself as a tool for �data scientists.� Its claims:
Distributing colors evenly, in a perceptively coherent space, constrained by user-friendly settings, to generate high quality custom palettes.


Looks interesting. Not sure why the colours jiggle when you make palettes, though. Hat tip to Dean Malmgren and Justin Kiggins.

I�ve always been skeptical when I�ve heard mathematicians and others wax rhapsodic about the �golden ratio.� This article calls it �design�s biggest myth,� and I��m inclined to agree. But maybe that�s just my confirmation bias. Hat tip to Tommy Leung.

Peter Newbury asked:

Conf poster style question: do you use present tense, as in �results are calculated by...� instead of �results were calculated by�?

This isn�t just a conference poster question, but a general scientific writing question. In general, any methods are in past tense, because you�re describing something that already happened. Results are often in present tense, because the effect you�re describing should be generalizable to past, present, and future situations. To put it another way, we write �E is equal to mc squared,� because it�s always true. You might write �E was equal to mc squared� if it was only true once.

Graphic designer Ellen Lupton has a book coming out in June that was an instant pre-order for me: How Posters Work.


Expect a review as soon as it arrives and I devour it, as I surely will. There is an art exhibit to check out if you�re in the New York area.

Haas Unica is an old typeface that has been made new again. It�s the sort of sans serif workhorse that works well in posters. Hat tip to Timoth�e Poisot and Genegeek.


Jarrett Fuller ruminates on his love of all sorts of posters, not just academic ones.

Throughout history, you could group posters into three purposes: to inform, to persuade or encourage, and to commemorate. Sometimes it straddles the lines between each of these, but the poster�s purpose must always involve one of them.

Alex Holcombe wants you to know this.

Each word you put on your poster reduces conference-attendee approaches by 0.2%. People need to know my invented statistic.

Now they know, Alex. Now they know.

Kamis, 26 Februari 2015

Latest modern science | Link roundup for February 2015 - Si Bejo Science

Miss Mola Mola has our latest contender for best poster title:


However, there was differences of opinion on this:

Apparently one judge scolded him and told author it was inappropriate.

I think the title is awesome and the judge is being a sourpuss. What do you think? Have your say in the comments!

And we have a second contender this month for best poster title! Paul Coxon wrote:

I learned if you want people to talk you about your conference poster, give it a bold/intriguing title.

 


When I ask someone with a beautiful poster at a conference how they made it, a high percentage of the time, the answer is, �Adobe Illustrator.� It�s powerful, but not easy to learn. Gary Poore has a guide to how to make line drawings in Illustrator here.

This is a fascinating discussion of sound effects in comics, where �catch� can be a word or a sound effect:

(S)ound effects are loaded with more information than just what a thing sounds like. ... they can often clarify the events in a panel by enhancing an action that is hard to capture in a still image. A sound might suggest degree or severity, for example, of an impact.

Emilio Bruna shared this interesting variation on a poster from grad student Christa Roberts:


It�s a good reminder that in a poster session, there are few rules!

A review of how decisions about typesetting can make text more readable, particularly for dyslexics. The two big take-aways: make the letters bigger and the lines shorter. Hat tip to Chris Atherton.

Kamis, 29 Januari 2015

Latest modern science | Link roundup for January 2015 - Si Bejo Science

A poster using augmented reality, courtesy of creator Stuart Eve.


Stuart writes:

I am of course not the first person to use AR in a poster, but I am sure that it will become a lot more popular as it really is an excellent way of adding content to a poster, without being too intrusive. I guess at the moment it could be seen as being a little gimmicky, however this isn�t all that bad when trying to attract people to your poster and your research. One of the important things to remember though is that the poster needs to be able to stand on it�s own without the AR content, as it is quite an ask at the moment to get people to download an app on their phone just to learn more about your research.

The Biophysical Society has a short post on how to prepare for a poster presentation.


Katie Mack reminded us of poster etiquette (my emphasis)

Escalator policy is: Stand on right, let people rush past to catch sessions/etc on left. No clotheslining with poster tubes.

Not everyone agreed.

Isn�t that the whole reason for making posters??? - Michael Jewell

That and cardboard tube sword fights. � Matthew Buckley

Jon Tennant notes ORCID offers a new service:

Just ordered some ORCID QR code stickers - snazzy and useful! Can put on poster presentations, etc.

The problem of too many logos on posters, revisited by Kim Martini. The solution:


While the title of this post is 7 tips for women at conferences, the ideas within are helpful regardless of your gender. Hat tip to Ivan Oransky.

While few people want to be jackasses, sometimes, we forget and end up being jackasses. Stacey Patton reminds us how not be be a jackass at a conference. Perhaps most relevant to poster sessions is this tip:

Once it has served its purpose, don�t stare at the name badge.

Paul Armstrong provides a reminder of why you need to align things by eye sometimes. The responses to his original tweet are worth reading, too.


Shit Academics Say contributes this bit of poster philosophy:

A. There is nothing new under the sun.
B. Sure, but at least change the poster title.
A. Fine.

Kamis, 25 Desember 2014

Latest modern science | Link roundup for December 2014 - Si Bejo Science

I�m always on the lookout for re-use of posters, and Gary McDowell takes advantage of the new fabric ones:



This poster scarf actually predates a similar one seen at Neuroscience by a few days:



Choosing the right title for your poster is critically important. This New Yorker article shows that the headline changes the way people remember the content of the story you tell them next:

In the case of the factual articles, a misleading headline hurt a reader�s ability to recall the article�s details. ... In the case of opinion articles, however, a misleading headline... impaired a reader�s ability to make accurate inferences.

Dr. Attai took this picture at American Society of Clinical Oncology 2014 meeting. Um. Aren�t people proud of their work?


NatC has a conference networking tip:

New conference networking strategy: share cab to airport with strangers. Get career advice.

I constantly harp on people to make a grid. Here is a useful slide deck showing how grids are used to design a complex website (hat tip to Duarte and Garr Reynolds):



Kirsten Sanford nominated this as her favourite poster from the American Geological Union meeting. It�s colourful, I�ll give it that.



Business cards are an integral part of conference networking. Erik Peterson turned his business cards into mini-posters:


Slideshare has a video that claims to tell you four tips for making data visualization memorable (hat tip to Ethos 3):


The cheat sheet summary is below; the original paper is here:

  1. They look like something natural.
  2. Are pictoral.
  3. Use colours.
  4. Have high visual density.

Typeset in the Future is an obsessive single serve blog looking at typography in science fiction films. Try this post on Alien for starters. Hat tip to Adam Savage. (The mythbuster also throws in his favourite typefaces: Futura and Caslon.)

Before and After talks about using colour to make connections between objects. Very useful to remember in designing posters, and displaying data.

Here�s a fun article about secrets hidden in plain sight in logos. I knew a couple, like the FedEx arrow, but there were lots that I didn�t know.


Note, though, that the article gets the story behind the BMW logo wrong (it�s not a propellor). But perhaps it can be forgiven, as BMW�s own histories have sometimes mucked up the truth!


Merry Christmas!

Kamis, 27 November 2014

Latest modern science | Link roundup for November 2014 - Si Bejo Science

November is the biggest conglomeration of posters in the world: the Neuroscience meeting. And there are always interesting poster-related tweets arising from that!

Here is a nice �Tips and tricks� for poster presentations blog post from Caitlin Kirkwood. She has obviously been to the rodeo that is neuroscience a few times:

(F)for those that appear in front of you haggard, with a glazed-over look in their eyes (the telltale signs of SfN-itis: too many posters, too little time), it is nice to have an abbreviated synopsis of your work ready.

Winner of �best new way to present a poster� (hat tip to MBF Bioscience):


Winner of �worst new way to present a poster� (hat tip to Jason Snyder):


Winner of �best new re-use of a poster� (hat tip to Rodrigo Braga):



Eric encapsulates how important the poster experience is to Neuroscience:


Feel naked without a poster tube. Thumb drives just don�t identify you as an #SFN14 attendee in the same way.

Jordan Gaines asks and interesting question about assessing your audience:

How do you like to assess someone's knowledge of your poster topic as you're presenting? Ask upfront, or read their body language?

The Cellular Scale has advice for poster audience members:

If you want a 5 min poster summary, ask for a 2 min one.

Neurd Girls ?reports a crime to sfnpolice:

I�d like to report a criminal offense. Poster entirely in Comic Sans on bright purple background.

DrugMonkey reminds us of good design principles:

Font size people, font size. #sfn14 #oldeyes

Michael Carroll makes an observation on poster presenters:

Interesting seniority gradient within the poster rows here at #SfN14: students and postdocs at the posters, PIs and greybeards in the center

I�ve followed Neuroscience�s introduction of �dynamic posters� for some time now. Benjamin Saunders thinks people are still not making full use of the medium:

Seeing some better #SfN14 dynamic posters this year but most are still just a poster. On a video screen. Get it together people.

Jason Pipkin found one dynamic poster he liked:

Title, intro, and conclusions always visible while large central area used for displaying series of movies.

Then there was that flight out that was stopped by posters! Fear them! Fear the posters! (Hat tip to Joshua Burda.)

American Airlines flight grounded due to unruly poster-wielding SFN�rs!! So many posters!!!

Finally, a two part article by Erik Kennedy about designing user interfaces that has some good lessons for posters. I particularly appreciate rule 2:

(D)esign black and white first. Start with the harder problem of making the app beautiful and usable in every way, but without the aid of color. Add color last, and even then, only with purpose.

And rule 3:

If you want to make UI that looks designed, you need to add in a lot of breathing room.
Sometimes a ridiculous amount.

Rule 5 is particularly interesting, because it talks about text in a way I have never heard before, about combining emphasis (�up-pop�) with de-emphasis (�down-pop�). I think I might try this in some of my next posters.

This link goes to part one; this link goes to part two.

Kamis, 30 Oktober 2014

Latest modern science | Link roundup for October 2014 - Si Bejo Science

I don�t think I�d seen this resource on Giving Poster Presentations before. It�s part of a larger online resource on �English communication for scientists.� I think I�d remember if I�s seen this Jorge Cham gem from the front page before:


Elizabeth �Inkfish� Preston covers a paper that examines how a simple graph significantly increases the persuasiveness of an argument. And when I say �simple,� I mean very simple:


Another primer on how to get the most out of a conference from Mandi Stewart, which wins points for citing We Bought a Zoo:


My partner and I talk about having �five seconds of professional courage� when networking at conferences. Conferences are a great time to meet people, and unless you put yourself out there and introduce yourself, you could miss out on some great conversations. I love the movie �We Bought A Zoo� which is where having five seconds of professional courage came from. �You know, sometimes all you need is 20 seconds of insane courage. Just literally 20 seconds of just embarrassing bravery. And I promise you, something great will come of it.� Try it. Five seconds of professional courage.

This article on the importance of comics has some analysis of reading flow after my own heart. Hat tip to Siobhan O�Dwyer.



You too can learn the difference between a soft crop, a split crop, and a stickout crop in this post at the different ways you can crop an image by John McWade.

I also like McWade�s short reflection on how design can make life better:

Design is about more than whether something �works.� Lots of things �work.� A theater marquee with chipped paint and missing letters �works.� If the local strip mall has what I need, you could say its ugly plastic sign �works.� Each identifies my destination well enough to get there.

What they don�t provide is delight, inspiration, fulfillment.

Wired has a lovely profile on book cover designer Peter Mendelsund.  Book covers have some goals that are similar to conference posters: attracting passers-by, for instance.

On one level, dust jackets are billboards. They�re meant to lure in potential readers. For a certain contingent of the publishing industry, this means playing it safe. �The path of least resistance when you�re designing a jacket is to give that particular demographic exactly what they want,� Mendelsund explains. �It�s a mystery novel, so you just splatter it in blood, and put the shadowy trench coat guy on it, and use the right typography.� Familiarity, the thinking goes, will always sell something.
Mendelsund does not subscribe to this view. He�s said that he prefers an ugly cover to a cliche one(.)

One of Mendelsund�s better known projects is The Girl With The Dragon Tattoo. Here are some rejected ideas:


I have not seen the movie Idiocracy, but this post on making fake corporate logos is interesting just the same. Hat tip to Alex Jones and Amanda Krauss.

The Current radio show on CBC has been running a series called, �By Design.� It�s going to be running all this season. This series is not about graphic design, but is a wide ranging exploration of how we make things.

I�m months behind in bringing you this blog post on redesigning maps for the modern age.

If you�re finally ready to learn how to use a higher end graphics package than PowerPoint, try Vector Tutorials for Adobe Illustrator. Hat tip to Anthony Salvagno for this resource.

And today in type crimes, or �Someone did not read their directions closely enough�:



From here.

Kamis, 25 September 2014

Latest modern science | Link roundup for September 2014 - Si Bejo Science

Andrew Maynard included this as an example of a �more radical� poster design in his post, Creating Poster Presentations that Tell Stories:


Andrew goes on to write:

To me, a poster presentation for me is an aid for story telling � to be used by an in-person narrator. The reality though is that sometimes the poster needs to be able to at least hint at that story without your in-person input.  This creates something of a design-conflict.

He also says:

Coward that I am I should note that the posters aren�t great, but hopefully illustrate process

Over at Southern Fried Science, Chris Parsons has penned Mr Darcy�s Guide to Conference Etiquette � Part 1, which includes thoughts on posters:

Posters give one a unique ability to talk directly to conference goers, often while they are well flown on a glass or two of wine, in a depth one cannot achieve with the audience at an oral presentation. A single good, well-designed poster is also very memorable, much more so than dozens of slides in an oral presentation.

This also prompted this Twitter exchange about poster sessions.

Keith Bradnam is a person after my own heart, doing his bit to improve conference posters. He has a nice post called The problem with posters at academic conferences. And the problem, according to Keith?

The problem here is not with the total amount of text � though that can sometimes be an issue � but with the width of the text.

A new paper in PLOS Computational Biology by Rougier and colleagues offers ten guidelines for better figures, which can be an important component of better posters. I would put their rule #5 much higher on the list...


  1. Know your audience
  2. Identify your message
  3. Adapt the figure to the support medium
  4. Captions are not optional
  5. Do not trust the defaults
  6. Use color effectively
  7. Do not mislead the reader
  8. Avoid �chartjunk�
  9. Message trumps beauty
  10. Get the right tool

While this poster leaves something to be desired graphically (too much stuff), I enjoy the title. Hat tip to Nick Loman and Mike the Mad Biologist.


Kamis, 28 Agustus 2014

Latest modern science | Link roundup for August 2014 - Si Bejo Science

Latest modern science | Link roundup for August 2014 - Si Bejo Science

�Only one idea.� Although this post from Terry McGlynn is about giving oral presentations, I think there is something to apply to posters, too:

When I gave the talks that (at least I suspect) kicked butt... They were all short on data and they only had one idea. ... I intentionally pared back on the data and the overarching research agenda. I just wanted to speak to an idea and wasn�t too concerned about how it made it me look. And, it turned out, the result was that people thought I gave a really good talk.

Kamis, 31 Juli 2014

Latest modern science | Link roundup for July 2014 - Si Bejo Science

Posters need not just be paper. Louise Hughes made good use of her 3-D printer. This picture by Sam Barry, with a hat tip to Biochem Belle.


More than a few conferences have restrictions about photographing posters. Richard Pearse has something to say about it. The society seems to support him. Hat tip to B. Haas.


This Nature news article about the drafting of a consensus statement on Earth�s tipping point for politicians. It unexpectedly takes a turn that highlights the importance of design:

(California governor Jerry) Brown wanted it classic looking, not flashy or cluttered. They went back and forth on formatting, even where to put the signatures. And the font was key. Brown wanted a simple clear font, Franklin Gothic, with the words �scientific consensus� highlighted in red.


Hat tip to Aerin Jacon. Franklin Gothic image from here.

Terry McGlynn reflects on how to have conversations at conferences. His take home message (his emphasis):

A conversation should never be a mere placeholder.

SlideProof claims it �Spots any kind of inconsistencies. SlideProof identifies wrong font types, sizes or colours. It checks for alignment, margins and bullet types and even detects of wrong page numbers and many more.� is Given how many people create their posters in PowerPoint, this piece of software might be valuable. Hat tip to Chris Atherton.

Although Apple has tended to get the most acclaim for its attention to type, Microsoft and Google have both done a lot of very interesting work over the years. Google�s most recent type project is an overhaul of its typeface Roboto. Hat tip to Ellen Lupton.

(T)ype has become one of the hardest working elements in today�s interfaces, which have been stripped of ornamentation in order to create breathing room for the increasingly complex functions they have to perform.


The case against the bar graph and other summary statistics. The summaries of the data below are the same, but the distribution is quite different. This is the same argument made by Anscombe�s quartet.


If you want to make a cool poster, first, you must know what is cool. Hat tip to Garr Reynolds.

  1. Cool is a social construct.
  2. Something is only cool compared to something else.
  3. Cool is positive.
  4. Cool is unconventional.
The article further explores that last one. You have to be different, but not too different.